Advances in agronomic management of phytoremediation: methods and results from a 10-year study of metal-polluted soils

Submitted: 5 April 2012
Accepted: 8 September 2012
Published: 6 November 2012
Abstract Views: 3110
PDF: 665
HTML: 1031
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Among green technologies addressed to metal pollution, phytoextraction has received increasing attention in recent years as an alternative to physical and chemical methods of decontamination. Since 1998, as part of an Italian multidisciplinary research team on phytoremediation, we have been carrying out several agronomic investigations with field crops in agricultural soil and pyrite waste, both markedly contaminated by heavy metals. Phytoextraction was rarely an efficient process, requiring a long time even to remove merely the bioavailable metal fraction, but the great metal stock in roots suggests exploring the effectiveness of long-term in planta stabilisation. Poor above-ground productivity was the main factor constraining metal removals, especially in wastes. Without assisting the process, only zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) were harvested by the canopy in substantial amounts, with an estimated maximum of ~8 kg of metals from an hectare base with rapeseed in the agricultural soil and only 0.33 kg with fodder radish in pyrite waste. Root growth was a key trait in species and genotype selection, in view of the close relationship between root length and metal uptake. The auxins, humic acids and chelators tested on the model plant fodder radish generally increased metal concentrations in plant tissues, but reduced growth and removals. It is currently concluded that phytoremediation efficiency with crop species may be improved through increased productivity by suitable soil management, involving mineral and organic fertilisation, contaminant dilution, soil capping, and metal immobilisation with inorganics and biochar.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Supporting Agencies

this research received financial support from the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR) (PRIN, Research Programs of Substantial National Interest) and from the University of Padova.

How to Cite

Vamerali, T., Marchiol, L., Bandiera, M., Fellet, G., Dickinson, N. M., Lucchini, P., Mosca, G., & Zerbi, G. (2012). Advances in agronomic management of phytoremediation: methods and results from a 10-year study of metal-polluted soils. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 7(4), e42. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e42