https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1820

Effects of overseeding times on different warm-season turfgrasses: Visual turf quality and some related characteristics

Vol. 16 No. 3 (2021)
Submitted: 27 January 2021
Accepted: 18 July 2021
Published: 26 August 2021
Warm-season turfgrass, winter dormancy, Lolium perenne L., overseeding, turf quality.
Abstract Views: 1133
HTML: 38
PDF: 429
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

The sustainability of warm-season turfgrass species in winter dormancy is a major concern in Mediterranean ecology. The concept of overseed a lawn has been still new for many developing countries such as Turkey as part of a regular maintenance. Therefore, a 2-year study was conducted at the experimental fields of Ege University, Izmir/Turkey during 2014-2016 years to compare the effects of four different overseeding times (September 15, September 30, October 15 and October 30) on four warm season turfgrass species (Cynodon dactylon cv. SR9554, Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis cv. Tifway-419, Paspalum vaginatum cv. Sea Spray and Zoysia japonica cv. Zenith) by measuring visual turf quality (1-9 score) and some related characteristics as texture (mm), cover (1-9 score), weed infestation (1-9 score) and colour (1-9 score). ‘50% cv. Troya+50% cv. Esquire’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) mixture was used for overseeding in trial. According to results, visual turf quality performance of 6.0 scores and above were obtained from all treatments. We concluded that October 15 should be most suitable time for overseeding applications. Additionally, L. perenne L. can be practiced successfully in Mediterranean region in order to eliminate the concerns of warm-season turfgrasses in the winter dormancy period observed in cold temperatures.

Highlights
- No gaps were formed in plots and high coverage degrees were maintained during overseeding periods in all treatments.
- Homogeneous spring transition was occurred from Lolium perenne L. to warm-season turfgrass species in all overseeding times.
- Visual turf quality performance of 6.0 scores and above which is acceptable level were obtained from all overseeding times.
- Better results were obtained from overseeding applications on Paspalum vaginatum and Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis.
- The different results among the warm-season turfgrass species can provide effective information for future research studies.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Acikgoz E, 1994. Turf establishment and maintenance technique. Bursa Uludag University Press. [in Turkish].
Allen PS, White DB, Markhart III AH, 1993. Germination of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass seeds subjected to hydrationâ€dehydration cycles. Crop Science 33:1020-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300050029x
Askew S, 2010. Perennial ryegrass competition affects bermudagrass health. Golf Course Manage. 78:96-102.
Avcioglu R, 1997. Turf technique (turf establishment & management). Ege University Press, Izmir, Turkey. [in Turkish].
Beard JB, 1973. Turfgrass Science and culture. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Printice Hall, London, UK.
Beard JB, 2002. Turf management for Golf Courses, second edition. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI, USA.
Brilman LA, 2009. How to overseed dormant bermudagrass. TurfONE August 2009, pp. 2.
Caskey MM, 1982. Lawns and ground covers. Horticultural Publishing Co. Inc., Tuscon, p. 135.
Christians NE, 1998. Fundamentals of turfgrass management. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI, USA.
Croce P, De Luca A, Mocioni M, Volterrani M, Beard JB, 2004. Adaptability of warm season turfgrass species and cultivars in a Mediterranean climate. Acta Hortic. 661:365-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.661.49
Croce P, De Luca A, Mocioni M, Volterrani M, Beard JB, 2001. Warm-season turfgrass species and cultivar characterizations for a Mediterranean climate. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. 9:855-9.
Demiroglu Topcu G, Ozkan SS, 2016a. Turf ecology. pp 63 in Abstract Book of the International Ecology 2016 Adnan Aldemir Symposium, 16-19 May, Kars, Turkey.
Demiroglu Topcu G, Ozkan SS, 2016b. A Turfgrass alternative that may be the solution for salinity ‘Paspalum vaginatum Swartz’. pp 3419-3423 in Full Text Book of the 1st International Academic Research Congress, 3-5 November, Antalya, Turkey.
Demiroglu G, Avcioglu R, Kir B, Salman A, 2011. Investigations on texture weed invasion and density features of some cool season turf grass cultivars in Mediterranean environment. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 13:461-8.
Demiroglu G, Geren H, Kir B, Avcioglu R, 2010. Performances of some cool season turfgrass cultivars in mediterranean environment: II, Festuca arundinaceae Schreb., Festuca ovina L., Festuca rubra spp. rubra L., Festuca rubra spp. trichophylla Gaud and Festuca rubra spp. commutata Gaud. Turk. J. Field Crops 15:180-7.
Duble RL, 1996. Turfgrasses: their management and use in the Southern zone, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX, USA, pp. 1-323.
Duble RL, 2000. Seashore Paspalum, extension turfgrass specialist, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, TX, USA.
Duncan RR, Carrow RN, 2000. Seashore Paspalum: the environmental turfgrass. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI, USA.
Duncan RR, Carrow RN, 2005. Managing seashore Paspalum greens. Golf Course Manage. 73:114-8.
Erekul O, Avcioglu R, 1995. A research on techniques of elimination of winter yellowing in turf areas by overseeding. Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Master’s Thesis, Izmir, Turkey. [In Turkish].
Foy JH, 1998. The pros and cons of fairway overseeding. USGA Green Section Record 36:10-12.
Fry J, Huang B, 2004. Applied turfgrass science and physiology. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp 277.
Giolo M, Benincasa P, Anastasi G, Macolino S, Onofri A, 2019. Effects of sub-optimal temperatures on seed germination of three warm-season turfgrasses with perspective of cultivation in transition zones. Agronomy 9:421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080421
Grossi N, Volterrani M, Gaetani M., Lulli F, Magni S, Croce P, De Luca A, Mocioni M, 2008. Bermudagrass putting green overseeding with cool season turfgrasses in Coastal Tuscany. pp 87-88 in Proc. of the 1st European Turfgrass Society Conference, 19-20 May, Pisa, Italy.
Grossi N, Volterrani M, Magni S, Miele S, 2004. Tall fescue turf quality and soccer playing characteristics as affected by moving height. 1st International Conference on Turfgrass management and science for sports fields, Acta Hort. 661:319-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.661.41
Horgan BP, Yelverton FH, 2001. Removal of perennial ryegrass from overseeded bermudagrass using cultural methods, Crop Science 41:118-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.411118x
Ihtisham M, Fahad S, Luo T, Larkin RM, Yin S, Chen L, 2018. Optimization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization rates for overseeded perennial ryegrass turf on dormant bermudagrass in a transitional climate. Front. Plant Sci. 9:487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00487
Johnson BJ, 1994. Fenarimol tolerance of roughstalk bluegrass overseeded in bermudagrass greens. Agronomy 86:519-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600030012x
Johnson BJ, 1998. Influence of Spring-applied herbicides on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) greens overseeded with roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis). Weed Technol. 12:1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890037X00042470
Karcher DE, Richardson MD, 2003. Quantifying turfgrass colour using digital image analysis. Crop Sci. 43:943-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.9430
Kir B, Avcioglu R, Salman A, Ozkan SS, 2019. Turf and playing quality traits of some new turfgrass alternatives in a Mediterranean environment. Turk. J. Field Crops 24:7-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.562628
Kroon D, Knops J, 1990. Habitat exploration through morphological plasticity in two chalk grassland perennials. Oikos 59:39-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3545120
Longer DE, 2000. Green winter colour for warm season lawns from overseeding with cool season species. TurfGrass Trends September, pp 12-15.
Mazur AR, Wagner DF, 1987. Influence of aeration, topdressing, and vertical mowing on overseeded bermudagrass putting green turf. HortSci. 22:1276-8.
Mazur AR, Rice JS, 1999. Impact of overseeding bermudagrass with various amounts of perennial ryegrass for winter putting turf. HortSci. 34:864-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.34.5.864
Mirabile M, Bretzel F, Gaetani M, Lulli F, Volterrani M, 2016. Improving aesthetic and diversity of bermudagrass lawn in its dormancy period. Urban Fores. Urban Green. 18:190-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.06.007
Morris KN, 2002. A guide to NTEP turfgrass ratings. National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), Beltsville, MD, USA.
Morris KN, Shearman RC, 1998. NTEP turfgrass evaluation guidelines. In NTEP Turfgrass Evaluation Workshop, Beltsville, MD, USA, pp 5.
Morris KN, 2004. Perennial ryegrasses fare well in overseeding of bermudagrass fairways. Turfgrass Trends December, pp 63-70.
Ozkan SS, Kir B, Avcioglu R, 2014. Effect of mowing heights on the performances of some turf alternatives in Mediterranean ecology. pp 337-340 in Proceeding Book of the 24th International Scientific-Expert Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry, 25-27 September, Cesme, Turkey.
Pompeiano A, Guglielminetti L, Volterrani M, 2011. Freeze tolerance of Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill as affected by late-season nitrogen application, and changes in carbohydrates during cold acclimation. Plant Biosyst. 145:885-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2011.623191
Powell AJ, 2005. Overseeding bermudagrass sports fields. University of Kentucky Extension, pp 5.
SAS Institute, 1998. INC SAS/STAT user’s guide release 7.0, Cary, NC, USA.
Schiavon M, Baird JH, 2018. Evaluation of products to alleviate irrigation salinity stress on bermudagrass turf. Agronomy 110:2136-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.01.0064
Schmidt RE, Blaser RE, 1961. Winter Greens a Symposium: Part III: Overseeding in The Mid-Atlantic. USGA J. Turf Manage. 14:25-9.
Spectrum Technologies Inc., 2014. Fieldscout GreenIndex+ Turf Product Manual, Item #2910TA, 2910T. Spectrum Technologies Inc., Aurora, IL, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-6937(14)70362-4
Stell RGD, Torrie JA, Dickey DA, 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics. A. Biometrical approach 3rd Ed. Mc Graw Hill Book, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Thomasson JR, 1987. Fossil grasses: 1820-1986 and beyond. In T.R. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell & M.E. Barkworth (Eds.), Grass systematics and evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp 159-167.
Uzun G, 1992. Lawn and sports field construction in landscape architecture. Cukurova University Agriculture Faculty, Supplementary Textbook No. 20, pp 170. [In Turkish].
Volterrani M, Magni S, 2004. Species and growing media for sports turfs in Mediterranean Area, I International Conference on Turfgrass Management and Science for Sports Fields. ISHS Acta Hortic. 661. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.661.48
Ward CY, McWhirter EL, Thompson WR, 1974. Evaluation of coolseason turf species and planting techniques for overseeding bermudagrass Golf greens. pp 480-495 in E.C. Roberts (Ed.), Proc. Second Int. Turf Res Conf., Blacksburg, W.V., Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/1974.proc2ndintlturfgrass.c73
Watschke TL, Schmidt RE, 1992. Ecological aspects of turf communities. In Waddington, D.V., Carrow, R.N. and Shearman, C.R. (Eds.), Turfgrass. American Society of Agronomy, WI, USA; Agronomy No. 32, pp 129-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr32.c4
Willems JH, Peet RK, Bik L, 1993. Changes in chalkâ€grassland structure and species richness resulting from selective nutrient additions. J. Vegetation Sci. 4:203-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3236106
Yelverton F, 2005. Spring transition: going, going, gone. United States Golf Association, Greens Section Record, March-April.
Zhou S, Abaraha A, 2007. Response to heat stress in warm season and cool season turf grass cultivars. Sci. Res. Essays 2:95-100.

How to Cite

Ozkan, S. S., & Kir, B. (2021). Effects of overseeding times on different warm-season turfgrasses: Visual turf quality and some related characteristics. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1820
Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.